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1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38189079

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Family planning is a right and a tool that offers the possibility of choosing how many children to have. Its importance lies in the possibility of avoiding an unwanted pregnancy and its consequences. Our objective was to determine the factors associated with discontinuing hormonal contraceptives in women of childbearing age who attended the La Libertad Health Center in January 2023. METHODS: The study was observational, analytical, and cross-sectional. A total of 100 women of childbearing age who were users of hormonal contraceptives were included. Descriptive statistics were performed, frequency measurements and measures of central tendency were calculated, bivariate statistics were performed and the prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated, and a robust Poisson regression model was performed to assess the associated independent factors. All calculations were made with a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: The educational level (PR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.22-2.48, p=0.006), the distance to the health center (PR=7.32; 95% CI: 1.1-48.5, p=0.001), having presented adverse events (PR=26.38; 95% CI: 3.8-183, p=0.001), and that the health staff had not identified the need for contraception (PR=3.12; 95% CI: 0.87-11.10, p=0.01) were associated with stopping a hormonal contraceptive. After introducing the variables to the regression model, the only independently associated factor was having presented an adverse event with the use of hormonal contraceptives (adjusted prevalence ratio, APR=3.33; 95% CI: 2.1-5.2, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the factors associated with the discontinuation of hormonal contraceptives were education level, distance to the health center, having presented some adverse event with its use, and that health staff had not identified the need for contraception. The only independently associated factor was having presented an adverse event.

2.
Med. clín. soc ; 7(3)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528992

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La resistencia a la insulina (RI) es una de las principales causas del desarrollo de patologías crónicas. Es indispensable su detección temprana, por ello es importante estudiar métodos más asequibles y menos costosos como los biomarcadores. Objetivo: Determinar la precisión diagnóstica de once biomarcadores para RI en una muestra de pobladores peruanos. Metodología: Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas. Análisis de base de datos secundario del estudio PERU MIGRANT. Para medir RI se utilizó como referencia la evaluación del modelo homeostático (HOMA-IR) ≥ 2,8. Los biomarcadores se basaron en la ratio de lípidos, los indicadores de lípido visceral, los indicadores con triglicéridos y glucosa (TyG), y los indicadores con cintura abdominal. Para la precisión se utilizó el análisis de la curva de características operativas del receptor y el área bajo la curva (AUC) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Se estudió a 938 participantes. La prevalencia de RI fue del 9,91%. En relación con el análisis ROC, el índice TyG - índice de masa corporal (TyG - IMC) tuvo el mayor AUC, tanto en hombres: AUC=0,85 (0,81 - 0,90), corte=241,55; sens=92,5 (79,6 - 98,4) y esp=78,3 (73,9 - 82,2); como en mujeres: AUC=0,81 (0,76 - 0,85), corte=258,77; sens=79,2 (70,3 - 86,5) y esp= 82,1 (78,0 - 85,8). Discusión: Según los datos analizados, el índice TyG-IMC es el mejor indicador para medir RI. Es un índice simple que se puede tomar de manera rutinaria en la práctica clínica diaria. Es conveniente añadir futuros estudios prospectivos que confirmen su capacidad predictiva.


Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main causes of chronic disease. Early detection is essential, which is why it is important to study more affordable and less expensive methods, such as biomarkers. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of 11 biomarkers of IR in a sample of Peruvian residents. Method: diagnostic tests. Secondary Database Analysis of the PERU-MIGRANT Study. To measure RI, a homeostatic model evaluation (HOMA-IR) ≥ 2.8 was used as a reference. Biomarkers were based on the lipid ratio, visceral lipid indicators, indicators of triglycerides and glucose (TyG), and indicators of abdominal waist. For precision, the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used. Results: A total of 938 participants were studied. The prevalence of IR was 9.91%. In relation to the ROC analysis, the TyG index - body mass index (TyG - BMI) had the highest AUC, both in men: AUC=0.85 (0.81 - 0.90), cut-off=241.55; sens=92.5 (79.6 - 98.4) and sp=78.3 (73.9 - 82.2); as in women: AUC=0.81 (0.76 - 0.85), cut-off=258.77; sens=79.2 (70.3 - 86.5) and esp= 82.1 (78.0 - 85.8). Discussion: According to the data analyzed, the TyG-IMC index is the best indicator for measuring IR. It is a simple index that can be routinely used in clinical practice. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm its predictive capacity.

3.
Urol Res Pract ; 49(1): 19-24, 2023 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37877834

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine how metabolic syndrome is related to benign prostatic enlargement in males under 60 years old in a national military hospital in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, quantitative, case-control study. By simple random sampling, 87 cases with benign prostatic enlargement and 174 controls were included, with a statistical power of 80%. The benign prostatic enlargement was evaluated by clinical picture and ultrasound and the metabolic syndrome was evaluated according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The statistical analysis was performed using the STATAv14 program, the chi-square statistical test was used and odds ratio was obtained, at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The mean age of the cases and controls was 55 (51-58) and 52 (46-57), respectively. By multivariate analysis, the factors related to benign prostatic enlargement were the presence of benign prostatic enlargement (adjusted odds ratio: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.27-5.80; P=.010), waist circumference ≥102 cm (adjusted odds ratio: 6.51, 95% CI: 3.09-13.71; P < .001), elevated fasting glucose (adjusted odds ratio: 1.38, 95% CI: 0.65-2.91; P=.399), high triglycerides (adjusted odds ratio: 5.29, 95%: CI 2.40-11.64; P < .001), and arterial hypertension (adjusted odds ratio: 4.67, 95% CI 2.19-9.95; P < .001). Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was a protective factor (adjusted odds ratio: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04-0.20; P < .001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that metabolic syndrome and its components (waist circumference, hypertension, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) are factors related to benign prostatic enlargement in patients under 60 years old in a military hospital in Peruvian population. Waist circumference as an indicator of overweight/obesity is a practical anthropometric marker of interest in public health.

4.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 49(2)abr.-jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224272

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo: En los casos de rinoplastia con desviación septal, el diagnóstico clínico por parte del especialista es parte medular de la conducta a tomar, ya sea clínica o quirúrgica, debido a que la obstrucción nasal que suele ocasionar esta patología es uno de los síntomas más frecuentes, siendo esta la primera indicación de cirugía nasal no estética. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico y radiográfico en pacientes sometidos a septoplastia en una clínica especializada de Lima, Perú, durante el periodo 2020 - 2021. Material y método: Estudio observacional, cuantitativo, analítico de concordancia retrospectivo. Mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se toman todos los pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de desviación septal y estudios radiográficos intervenidos quirúrgicamente de septoplastia en dicho centro, obteniendo 124 historias clínicas que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se calculó el porcentaje de concordancia entre estas dos métricas y se estimaron las estadísticas kappa de Cohen ponderadas y no ponderadas en todas las muestras y luego por configuración. Resultados: Con una media de 33 años de edad, encontramos que la mayoría eran mujeres (55.28%) sin predilección por el grado de desviación significativa. El diagnóstico clínico que predominó fue grado moderado (54.84%) y el diagnostico radiológico, el severo (49.19%). La gnosología principal fue la congénita (38.8%), seguida de la adquirida (34.7%); aun así, no existe relación significativa entre el sexo y el tipo de desviación encontrada. Encontramos concordancia insignificante entre el diagnóstico clínico y el radiográfico en todas sus formas. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio, no hubo concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico y radiológico con respecto al grado o severidad de la desviación septal. (AU)


Background and objective: In cases of rhinoplasty with septal deviation, the clinical diagnosis by the specialist is a core part of the conduct to be taken, whether clinical or surgical, because nasal obstruction, which is usually caused by this pathology, is one of the most frequent symptoms, this being the first indication of non-aesthetic nasal surgery Objective: To determine the concordance between clinical and radiographic diagnosis in patients undergoing septoplasty in a specialized clinic in Lima, Peru, during the period 2020 - 2021. Methods: Observational, quantitative, retrospective, analytical study of concordance. By non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, all patients with clinical diagnosis of septal deviation and radiographic studies who underwent septoplasty surgery in our clinic were considered. A total of 124 medical records were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of concordance between these two metrics was calculated, and we estimated weighted and unweighted Cohen's kappa statistics across all samples and then by configuration. Results: With a mean age of 33 years, it was found that the majority were women (55.28%) without a predilection for the degree of significant deviation; the predominant clinical diagnosis was moderate degree (54.84%) and the radiological diagnosis was severe (49.19%). The main gnosology was congenital (38.8%), followed by acquired (34.7%), even so, there is no significant relationship between sex and the type of deviation found. An insignificant concordance was found between clinical and radiographic diagnosis in all its forms. Conclusions: In our study, there was no concordance between clinical and radiological diagnosis with respect to the degree or severity of septal deviation. (AU


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Nasal Septum/surgery , Rhinoplasty , Nose Deformities, Acquired/diagnostic imaging , Nose Deformities, Acquired/surgery , Peru , Retrospective Studies , Radiography
5.
Salud UNINORTE ; 39(1)abr. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536831

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 has changed educational opportunities for students around the world, and, in the process, affected their lifestyle, happiness, and engagement. The present research is part of a project from six universities in different countries across Latin America to examine the impact of COVID-19 on university students. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle changes, orientations to happiness, and student engagement among a sample of college students in Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Peru, and the US. Methods: Participants were 1764 students from the six previously identified countries. Data were collected using the Student Health Behavior Inventory, the Orientations to Happiness Scale, and the University Student Engagement Inventory. Results: Student respondents were mostly female, with a median age of 22. Most reported no changes in academic performance and statistically significant changes in some lifestyle behaviors such as nutrition and physical activity. Conclusions: The global pandemic led to behavioral changes among college students in Latin America, and it affected their orientations to happiness and engagement. Institutions of higher learning are called to create opportunities for their students to reintegrate into an in-person learning environment to facilitate positive lifestyle changes for their students.


El COVID-19 ha cambiado las oportunidades educativas para los estudiantes de todo el mundo y en el proceso afectó su estilo de vida, felicidad y compromiso. La presente investigación es parte de un proyecto de seis universidades en diferentes países de América Latina para determinar el impacto de COVID-19 en estudiantes universitarios. Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar el impacto del COVID-19 en los cambios de estilo de vida, las orientaciones hacia la felicidad y el compromiso de los estudiantes entre una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en México, El Salvador, Colombia, República Dominicana, Perú y Estados Unidos. Métodos: Los participantes fueron 1764 estudiantes de los seis países previamente identificados. Los datos se recolectaron utilizando el Inventario de Conducta de Salud del Estudiante, la Escala de Orientaciones a la Felicidad y el Inventario de Participación de los Estudiantes Universitarios. Resultados. Los estudiantes encuestados eran en su mayoría mujeres con una edad promedio de 22 años. La mayoría informó que no hubo cambios en el rendimiento académico y cambios estadísticamente significativos en algunos comportamientos de estilo de vida, como la nutrición y la actividad física. Conclusiones: La pandemia global provocó cambios de comportamiento entre los estudiantes universitarios de América Latina y afectó sus orientaciones hacia la felicidad y su compromiso. Las instituciones de educación superior están llamadas a crear oportunidades para que sus estudiantes se reintegren en un entorno de aprendizaje en persona para facilitar cambios positivos en el estilo de vida de sus estudiantes.

6.
Med. clin. soc ; 6(3)dic. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422055

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The role of p-value knowledge for clinical practice is elemental; however, insufficient evidence on this is found in health science students. Objective: To determine the factors associated with p-value knowledge in human medical students. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. Application of a virtual survey to human medicine students from different faculties in Peru. Results: 54.69% had sufficient knowledge of p-value. The multivariate analysis found a statistically significant association with having sufficient knowledge on this topic in those who were between 6th to 9th semester (APr: 1.118; 95% CI 1.051 - 1.412; p=0.009) and medical internship (APr: 1.234; 95% CI 1.073 - 1.418; p=0.003); taking an external course in biostatistics, epidemiology or research (APr: 1.420; 95% CI 1.227 - 1.643; p<0.001); having read 6 to 12 articles per year (APr: 1.353; 95% CI 1.196 - 1.530; p<0.001) and more than 12 articles per year (APr: 1.590; 95% CI 1.313 - 1.967; p<0.001); and publishing at least one scientific article (APr: 1.397; 95% CI 1.199 - 1.628; p<0.001) or more than one (APr:1.424; 95% CI 1.196 - 1.696; p<0.001). Conclusion: It was found that the academic semester, having taken an external course, having read more than 6 articles per year and having published at least one scientific article are independently associated with having greater understanding of this topic.


Introducción: El conocimiento del rol de valor-p para la práctica clínica es fundamental; sin embargo, la evidencia científica de éste en los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud no es suficiente. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al conocimiento sobre el valor-p en estudiantes de medicina humana. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se aplicó una encuesta virtual a estudiantes de medicina humana de distintas facultades de medicina del Perú. Resultados: El 54.69% tuvo un conocimiento suficiente sobre el rol del valor-p. El análisis multivariado encontró asociaciones estadísticamente significativas con tener conocimiento suficiente en este tema en aquellos que se encontraban entre el 6° y 9° semestre (APr: 1.118; 95% CI 1.051 - 1.412; p=0.009), eran internos de medicina (APr: 1.234; 95% CI 1.073 - 1.418; p=0.003); haber llevado un curso externo de bioestadística, epidemiología o investigación (APr: 1.420; 95% CI 1.227 - 1.643; p<0.001); leer entre 6 y 12 artículos científicos por año (APr: 1.353; 95% CI 1.196 - 1.530; p<0.001), leer más de 12 artículos por año (APr: 1.590; 95% CI 1.313 - 1.967; p<0.001); y haber publicado al menos un artículo científico (APr: 1.397; 95% CI 1.199 - 1.628; p<0.001) o más de uno (APr:1.424; 95% CI 1.196 - 1.696; p<0.001). Conclusión: Los hallazgos mostraron que el semestre académico, haber llevado un curso externo, leído más de 6 artículos por años y publicado al menos un artículo científico se asocian independientemente con tener un mayor entendimiento de este tópico.

7.
Med. clin. soc ; 6(3)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422058

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los pacientes con el fenotipo delgado metabólicamente obeso (DMO) pueden presentar el mismo riesgo que los obesos clásicos para desarrollar enfermedades crónicas a largo plazo. No obstante, la prevalencia y los factores que se encuentran asociados este varía de acuerdo con la población estudiada. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y los factores se encuentran asociados al fenotipo DMO en el Perú. Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal. Análisis secundario de la base de datos del estudio PERU MIGRANT. Los factores asociados que se consideraron fueron: edad (30-44 años, de 45-59 años, y 60 a más años), sexo, estado socioeconómico, nivel de educación, migración, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y nivel actividad física. Resultados: La prevalencia del fenotipo DMO fue de 32,23% (IC95% 27,61-37,10). En el análisis multivariable, el sexo masculino mostró 39% menor probabilidad de presentar el fenotipo DMO (PRa: 0,610; IC95% 0,428-0,869; p=0,006), en comparación con el sexo femenino. Mientras que, pertenecer a los grupos de edad entre 45-59 años y de 60 años a más presentó 110,5% (PRa: 2,105; IC95% 1,484-2,988; p<0,001) y 97,6% (PRa: 1,976; IC95% 1,270-3,075; p=0,003), respectivamente, mayor probabilidad de presentar DMO, en comparación con el grupo de 29-44 años. Conclusiones: El pertenecer al sexo femenino y a los grupos de edad de 45 a 59 y 60 años a más, aumentaron la probabilidad de presentar el fenotipo DMO. Se recomienda la realización de futuros estudios con prospectivos y con un tamaño de muestra mayor para confirmar dichos hallazgos, así como la inclusión de nuevas variables.


Introduction: Patients with the lean metabolically obese (BMD) phenotype may present the same risk as the classic obese for developing long-term chronic diseases. However, the prevalence and the factors that are associated with it vary according to the population studied. Objective: to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with the BMD phenotype in Peru. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. Secondary analysis of the PERU MIGRANT study database. The associated factors that were considered were: age (30-44 years, 45-59 years, and 60 years and over), sex, socioeconomic status, level of education, migration, smoking, alcohol consumption and level of physical activity. Results: The prevalence of the BMD phenotype was 32.23% (95% CI 27.61-37.10). In the multivariate analysis, the male sex showed a 39% lower probability of presenting the BMD phenotype (PRa: 0.610; 95% CI 0.428-0.869; p=0.006), compared to the female sex. While belonging to the age groups between 45-59 years and 60 years and over presented 110.5% (PRa: 2.105; 95% CI 1.484-2.988; p<0.001) and 97.6% (PRa: 1.976; CI95% 1.270-3.075; p=0.003), respectively, greater probability of presenting BMD, compared to the group of 29-44 years. Conclusions: Belonging to the female sex and to the age groups of 45 to 59 and 60 years or more, increased the probability of presenting the BMD phenotype. Future prospective studies with a larger sample size are recommended to confirm these findings, as well as the inclusion of new variables.

8.
Rev. salud pública ; 24(5)sep.-oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536742

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Analizar los factores asociados a la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) en mujeres del Perú según la ENDES-2019. Métodos Se hizo un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico y de corte transversal. La muestra la conformaron 4 212 mujeres, de 15 a 49 años, con un hijo menor de 6 meses. En el análisis inferencial, la asociación de los factores se evaluó por la razón de prevalencia cruda (RPc). Por medio del modelo de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta se calculó la razón de prevalencia ajustada (RPa), con sus respectivos IC de 95%, con una significancia p<0,05 y se elaboró el análisis CSPLAN en SPSS para muestras complejas. Resultados La prevalencia de LME fue 67,3%. En el análisis bivariado los factores asociados fueron residencia rural (RPc: 1,22; IC 95%: 1,17-1,27, p:0,000), multiparidad (RPc: 1,10; IC 95%: 1,05-1,16, p:0,000), parto vaginal (RPc: 1,1; IC 95%: 1,03-1,16, p:0,003), enseñanza de preparar pezones para lactancia materna (LM) (RPc: 1,12; IC 95%: 1,051,19, p:0,000), enseñanza de cómo dar el pecho a su bebe (RPc: 1,12; IC 95%: 1,051,19, p:0,000) y la capacitación sobre LM (RPc: 1,11; IC 95%: 1,05-1,17, p:0,000). Los factores asociados significativamente a la LME en el análisis multivariado fueron lugar de residencia rural (RPa: 1,21; IC 95%: 1,15-1,27, p:0,000) y ser multíparas (RPa: 1,12; IC 95%: 1,05-1,19, p:0,000). Conclusiones La prevalencia de LME encontrada en el Perú se consideró cercana al objetivo del milenio. El perfil materno asociado significativamente a la LME fue tener residencia rural y ser multípara.


Objective To analyze the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Peruvian women according to the ENDES-2019. Methodology This was an observational, retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study that included a sample of 4 212 women aged 15 to 49 years who had a child under 6 months. In the inferential analysis, the association of factors was evaluated using the crude prevalence ratio (RPc). Additionally, the Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratio (RPa) along with their respective 95% confidence intervals, with a significance level set at p<0.05. The CSPLAN analysis was performed using SPSS for complex samples. Results The prevalence of SCI was 67.3%. In the bivariate analysis the associated factors were rural residence (RPc: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.17-1.27, p: 0.000), multiparity (RPc: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.16, p:0.000), vaginal delivery (RPc: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.03-1.16, p:0.003), teaching to prepare nipples for breastfeeding (BF) (PRc: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.051.19, p:0.000), teaching how to breastfeed your baby (PRc: 1.12; 95% CI:1.05-1.19, p:0.000) and BF training (PRc: 1.11; 95% CI:1.05-1.17, p:0.000). The factors significantly associated with EBF in mul-tivariate analysis were rural place of residence (PRa: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.15-1.27, p:0.000) and being multiparous (PRa: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05-1.19, p:0.000). Conclusions The prevalence of EBF found in Peru was considered to be close to the millennium goal. The maternal profile significantly associated with EBF was rural residence and being multiparous.

9.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(5)oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431702

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las enfermedades metaxénicas y zoonóticas, son consideradas prioridades nacionales de investigación en salud en Perú 2019-2023. De estas, los casos reportados por loxoscelismo han ido aumentando progresivamente. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al conocimiento y medidas preventivas de mordedura de Loxosceles laeta en la población de la ENAPRES en el Perú 2017-2019. Métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, transversal, analítico y retrospectivo, basado en la información de la ENAPRES. Resultados: Se analizó una muestra total de 285.354 personas. De estas, aquellos con 60 a más años (RPa=1,48; IC95%: 1,45-1,51), los costeños (RPa=1,37; IC95%: 1,33-1,40), las mujeres (RPa=1,12; IC95%: 1,11-1,13), con primaria o secundaria (RPa=1,12; IC95%: 1,09-1,15), con viviendas inadecuadas [techo (RPa=1,07; IC95%: 1,05-1,10), piso (RPa=1,02; IC95%: 1,00-1,04)], se asociaron con mayor posibilidad de tener más conocimiento sobre mordedura de L. laeta. Por otra parte, los encuestados de 60 a más años (RPa=1,49; IC95%: 1,46-1,52), los costeños (RPa=1,39; IC95%: 1,35-1,43), con estudios superiores no universitarios (RPa=1,19; IC95%: 1,15-1,22), las mujeres (RPa=1,13; IC95%: 1,12-1,14) y con viviendas con techos inadecuados (RPa=1,07; IC95%: 1,05-1,10) se asociaron con mayor posibilidad de realizar adecuadas medidas preventivas. En ambas, se halló asociación con el desechar los residuos orgánicos en calle o vía pública (RPa=0,97; IC95%: 0,96-0,99). Conclusiones: Se encontró aquellos factores asociados a conocimientos y a las medidas preventivas de mordedura de L. laeta.


Background: Metaxenic and zoonotic diseases are one of the ten national priorities for health research in Peru 2019-2023. Of these, the cases reported by loxoscelism have been increasing progressively. Aim: To determine the factors associated with the knowledge and preventive measures of Loxosceles laeta bite in the population of the ENAPRES in Peru 2017-2019. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical and retrospective study, based on information from ENAPRES. Results: A total sample of 285,354 people was analyzed. Of these, those aged 60 or over (PRa=1,48; 95%CI: 1,45-1,51), those from the coast (PRa=1,37; 95%CI: 1,33-1,40), women (PRa=1,12; 95%CI: 1,11-1,13), with primary or secondary education (PRa=1,12; 95%CI: 1,09-1,15), with inadequate housing [ceiling (PRa=1,07; 95%CI: 1,05-1,10), floor (PRa=1,02; 95%CI: 1,00-1,04)], were associated with higher possibility ofhaving more knowledge about L. laeta bite. On the other hand, those aged 60 or over (PRa=1,49; 95%CI: 1,46-1,52), those from the coast (PRa=1,39; 95%CI: 1,35-1,43), with non-university higher education (PRa=1,19; 95%CI: 1,15-1,22), women (PR a=1,13; 95%CI: 1,12-1,14) and with inadequate housing ceilings (PRa=1,07; 95%CI 1,05-1,10) were associated with a greater possibility of taking adequate preventive measures. In both, an association was found between disposing of organic waste on the street or on public roads (RPa=0.97; 95%CI: 0.96-0.99) Conclusions: It were found factors associated with knowledge and preventive for L. laeta bite.

10.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 21(2): 158-167, May.-Aug. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448401

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To investigate factors associated with chronic malnutrition among children aged five and under in Peru. Materials and Methods: Secondary data analysis based on the Peruvian 2018 Demographic and Family Health Survey. Results: Child's age (PR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.009 to 1.015) and living in a rural area (PR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.54) were associated with a higher risk of chronic malnutrition in the sample. Educational level, wealth index, and not belonging to the publicly funded Comedor Popular nutrition program, were identified as protective factors to chronic malnutrition. Conclusion: Being under five and living in a rural area was associated with an increased risk of chronic malnutrition in children residing in Peru. A higher wealth index and mother's level of education decrease the chances of chronic malnutrition in children under five years of age.


Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar factores asociados a la desnutrición crónica infantil en niños peruanos menores de cinco años. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo retrospectivo, basado en un análisis de la base de los datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) 2018. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia nacional de desnutrición crónica del 9,7% (n=2097) con diferencias según región geográfica de residencia. Se evidenció en el modelo ajustado que la edad del niño mayor de 25 meses (PRa=1,25; IC95%: 1,13 a 1,38, p<0,001) y vivir en zona rural (PR=1,36; IC95%: 1,21 a 1,54) con desnutrición crónica. El tener un mayor nivel de instrucción, un mayor índice de riqueza y no pertenecer al programa comedor popular estuvieron asociados como factores protectores para presentar desnutrición crónica. Conclusiones: La edad de los niños y residir en una zona rural se asocia a mayor riesgo de presentar desnutrición crónica en los niños menores de cinco años.

11.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 22(2): 227-235, Apr.-June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387181

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to determine the effectiveness of medical therapy in reducing complications associated with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Methods: in 2021, a systematic review of available cohort studies was carried out in three databases, with no publication date limit. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and odds ratios were calculated, with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Cohort risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE methodology. Results: five studies were included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. A statistically significant relationship was found between medical treatment in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism with respect to spontaneous abortion (p=0.03; OR=0.77; CI95%=0.61-0.97), and no statistically significant relationship was found for delivery preterm (p=0.46; OR=1.11; CI95%=0.85-1.44), nor for abrupt placentae (p=0.56; OR=1.60; CI95%=0.33-7.66). Three studies were at moderate risk of bias, and two were at low risk of bias. In all the results the certainty was very low. Conclusions: medical treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy can have a beneficial effect in reducing cases of spontaneous abortion.


Resumo Objetivos: determinar la efectividad de la terapia médica para disminuir las complicaciones asociadas al hipotiroidismo subclínico durante la gestación. Métodos: en el 2021 se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios de cohortes disponibles en tres bases de datos, sin límite de fecha de publicación. La selección de estudios y extracción de datos se realizaron por duplicado. Se realizó metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios y se calcularon los Odds ratio, con los correspondientes intervalos de confanza al 95%. El riesgo de sesgo de las cohortes se evaluó mediante la escala de Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS). La certeza de la evidencia se evaluó con la metodología GRADE. Resultados: cinco estudios fueron incluidos para síntesis cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa del tratamiento médico en gestantes con hipotiroidismo subclínico con respecto al aborto espontáneo (p=0,03; OR=0,77; IC95%=0,61-0.97), no se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa para parto pre término (p=0.46; OR=1,11; IC95%=0.85-1.44), ni para abrupto placentae (p=0.56; OR=1,60; IC95%=0.33-7.66). Tres estudios tenían riesgo moderado de sesgo, y dos tenían riesgo de sesgo bajo. En todos los resultados la certeza fue muy baja. Conclusiones: el tratamiento médico del hipotiroidismo subclínico durante la gestación puede tener un efecto beneficioso para reducir los casos de aborto espontaneo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Hypothyroidism/therapy , Abortion, Spontaneous , Abruptio Placentae , Obstetric Labor, Premature
12.
Salud UNINORTE ; 38(1)ene.-abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536792

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es una patología inflamatoria que daña la vía respiratoria baja, generalmente de etiología infecciosa. Afecta el parénquima pulmonar, lo cual produce alteración en la hematosis alveolar y ocasiona hipoxemia progresiva. Objetivo: Determinar cómo los factores biológicos, socioambientales, clínico radiológicos y analíticos se asocian al desarrollo de NAC en menores de 5 años hospitalizados en un hospital público del Perú durante 2019. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico, tipo casos y controles. El tamaño muestral se realizó mediante muestreo aleatorio simple, no pareado, y se obtuvieron 71 casos y 71 controles en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital San José durante 2019. Resultados: El sexo masculino predominó en los pacientes con NAC (54.9 %); pero no hubo asociación significativa entre este sexo y NAC (OR: 1.67 IC: 0.86-3.23, p: 0.13). Los resultados estadísticamente significativos asociados a NAC fueron lactancia materna no efectiva (OR: 6.85, IC 95 %: 3.18-14.75) y antecedente de enfermedades respiratorias (OR: 5.41, IC 95 %: 2.58-11.34). Conclusiones: Los factores biológicos, lactancia materna no efectiva y antecedente de enfermedades respiratorias se encuentran asociados a NAC en menores de 5 años.


Introduction: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is an inflammatory pathology that damages the lower respiratory tract, usually of infectious etiology. It affects the pulmonary parenchyma producing alteration in alveolar hematosis, causing progressive hypoxemia. Objective: To determine how biological, socio-environmental, clinical radiological and analytical factors are associated with the development of CAP in children under 5 years of age hospitalized in a Public Hospital in Peru during 2019. Materials and methods: Observational, retrospective, analytical, case-control study. The sample size was made by simple, untied random sampling, obtaining 71 cases and 71 controls in the Pediatrics Service of the San José Hospital during 2019. Results: The male sex predominated in patients with CAP (54.9%); but there was no significant association between this sex and NAC (OR: 1.67 CI: 0.86-3.23, p: 0.13). The statistically significant results associated with CAP were ineffective breastfeeding (OR: 6.85, 95 % CI: 3.18-14.75) and history of respiratory diseases (OR: 5.41, 95 % CI: 2.58-11.34). Conclusions: Biological factors, ineffective breastfeeding and history of respiratory diseases are associated with CAP in children under 5 years.

13.
Sleep Sci ; 15(Spec 1): 143-148, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35273760

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in informal interprovincial transport drivers of the Lima-Huancayo central highway (Peru) from January to March 2018. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The drivers were weighed and measured, then individual, sociodemographic, and occupational data were obtained which were recorded in a data collection form, then the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was applied to the drivers. The prevalence and EDS-associated factors in drivers were obtained from this data. The multivariate analysis of the possible associated factors for EDS was performed with binary logistic regression, obtaining the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Results: 162 drivers participated in the study. The average age was 42.0 ± 10.2 years (Range of 21-62 years), all the participants were male. 55. 6% had a technical degree, 42.0% were married and 55.6% had two to three children. The mean time of experience as a driver was 17.0 ± 6.8 years, 54.9% were overweight, and 32.1% were obese. 27.8% of drivers had EDS, the multivariate analysis found that the EDS-associated factors of the drivers were obesity (AOR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.422- 10.233), having 10 or more years of experience as a driver (AOR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.342-7.189) and overweight (AOR=2.9 CI 95%: 1.216-7.096). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of EDS in informal drivers of interprovincial transport of the central high-altitude highway studied. Obesity was the main factor associated with EDS, along with being overweight and having 10 or more years of experience as a driver.

14.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 60(1): 13-25, mar. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388415

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha postulado la relación entre la presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas con problemas de salud mental, en particular la depresión. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la asociación entre la presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas y la presencia de sintomatología depresiva evaluada mediante el cuestionario PHQ-9 en pacientes atendidos en consultorios externos de medicina interna del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal. Se definió enfermedad cardiometabólica como la presencia de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, y/u obesidad. Se utilizó el cuestionario PHQ-9 para evaluar la presencia de síntomas sugerentes de depresión. Se evaluó la asociación cruda y ajustada a posibles confusores. Para el análisis multivariado se utilizó un modelo de regresión de Poisson para hallar razones de prevalencia con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se consideró un p<0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 252 pacientes, de los que 205 (81,4%) presentaron enfermedades cardiometabólicas y 181 (71,9%) presentaron síntomas consistentes con algún grado de depresión. La presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas se asoció a síntomas depresivos tanto en el análisis crudo (RPc 1,43; IC 95% 1,08-1,89; p=0,012) como en el ajustado (RPa 1,31; IC 95% 1,00-1,71; p=0,048). Adicionalmente se encontró asociación entre el sexo femenino y sintomatología depresiva (RPa 1,35; IC 95% 1,11-1,63; p=0,002). CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas se asoció con la presencia de síntomas depresivos en pacientes atendidos en la consulta externa de medicina interna. El abordaje de la salud mental debe ser parte integral del manejo multidisciplinario del paciente con enfermedad cardiometabólica.


INTRODUCTION: It has been postulated the relationship between presence of cardiometabolic diseases with mental health problems, particularly depression. Objectives: To determine the association between cardiometabolic diseases and presence of depressive symptoms, evaluated by PHQ-9 questionnaire, in patients attended at the outpatient clinic of internal medicine service at Hospital Nacional Hipolito Unanue. METHODS: Observational analytical cross-sectional study. Cardiometabolic disease was defined as the presence of diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and/or obesity. The PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to evaluate the presence of symptoms suggestive of depression. The association was evaluated crude and adjusted for possible confounders. For the multivariate analysis, a Poisson regression model was used to find prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 252 patients were included, of which 205 (81,4%) presented cardiometabolic diseases and 181 (71,9%) presented symptoms consistent with some grade of depression. The presence of cardiometabolic diseases was associated with depressive symptoms both in the crude analysis (PRc 1.43; CI 95% 1.08-1.89; p=0.012) and in the adjusted one (PRa 1.31; CI 95% 1.00-1.71; p=0.048). Additionally, an association was found between female sex and depressive symptoms (PRa 1,35; CI 95% 1,11-1,63; p=0,002). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cardiometabolic diseases was associated with the presence of depressive symptoms in patients seen at the outpatient clinic of internal medicine. The mental health approach should be an integral part of the multidisciplinary management for the patient with cardiometabolic disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/psychology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/psychology , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Peru , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Diabetes Mellitus/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Dyslipidemias/psychology , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Hospitals , Hypertension/psychology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/psychology , Obesity/epidemiology
15.
Salud UNINORTE ; 37(2): 345-357, mayo-ago. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377254

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the roll-over test as a predictor of pre-eclampsia. Methodology: The studied population had a size of 272, with a sample of 262 pregnant women, between 28 and 32 weeks of gestational age, who obtained pre-natal care at the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital, between January and September of 2017. The ROC curve, and the sensitivity and specificity of the roll-over test to predict pre-eclampsia, were calculated. Results: The prevalence of the roll-over test in this study was 9%, with a 95% confidence interval (5.43 - 12.22). In this study, the ROC curve was determined (0.725 and 0.734, for the first and second measurements, respectively) and found to be statistically significant at the p <0.05 level. The sensitivity of the roll-over test for a cutoff point of 20 mmHg was 60%, and the specificity of 95% also had a PPV of 37% and a NPV of 98%. Differences between the first and second measurements suggest that the second measurement is more sensitive than the first one. Conclusions: The roll-over test is a simple, cost-effective test with potential application in initial evaluation of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with a history of pre-eclampsia and/ or other risk factors.


RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar la efectividad de la prueba de presión supina como predictor de pre-eclampsia. Metodología: La población del estudio fue de 272 y la muestra consistió en 262 mujeres embarazadas entre 28 y 32 semanas de edad gestacional que obtuvieron atención prenatal en el Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen entre enero y septiembre de 2017. Se realizó la curva ROC y se calculó la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la prueba de vuelco para predecir la pre-eclampsia. Resultados: La prevalencia de la prueba de presión supina en este estudio fue del 9% con un intervalo de confianza del 95% (5,43 - 12,22). En este estudio, se determinó la curva ROC (0,725 y 0,734 para la primera y la segunda medición respectivamente) y se encontró que era estadísticamente significativa al nivel de p <0,05. La sensibilidad de la prueba de presión supina para un punto de corte de 20 mmHg fue del 60% y la especificidad del 95% también tuvo un VPP del 38% y un VPN del 98%. Las diferencias entre la primera y la segunda medición sugieren que la segunda medición es más sensible que la primera. Conclusiones: la prueba de presión supina es una prueba simple y rentable con una posible aplicación en la evaluación inicial de la pre-eclampsia en mujeres embarazadas con antecedentes o pre-eclampsia y / u otros factores de riesgo.

16.
Rev. Fund. Educ. Méd. (Ed. impr.) ; 24(3): 133-138, Jun. 2021. graf, tab
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-225259

ABSTRACT

Introducción: A nivel mundial, los trastornos de salud mental, como la ansiedad, son una de las primeras causas de morbilidad y los estudiantes de Medicina humana son los más vulnerables. El estado de vigilia y el sueño afectan a las funciones cerebrales cognitivas. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre los trastornos del sueño y la ansiedad en estudiantes de Medicina. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico. Se tomaron dos cuestionarios validados con un consentimiento informado: el inventario de ansiedad de Beck, de 21 ítems (niveles de ansiedad), y el cuestionario de Oviedo, de 15 ítems (trastornos del sueño); y para el diagnóstico de insomnio e hipersomnia se siguieron los criterios diagnósticos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, décima revisión, y del Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, cuarta edición. Se obtuvieron estadísticos de asociación. Resultados: De 217 estudiantes, el 43,3% tuvo un nivel de ansiedad mínimo, el 16,7% tuvo ansiedad moderada y el 6,5% tuvo ansiedad grave. Presentaron ansiedad general el 23,3%, insomnio el 37,2% e hipersomnia el 2,3%. En el análisis bivariado preliminar se encontró que la ansiedad estuvo asociada a la edad (p = 0,034); el insomnio estuvo asociado al nivel de ansiedad (p global < 0,001) y al tener o no ansiedad (p < 0,001), y la hipersomnia estuvo asociada al nivel de ansiedad (p global = 0,01). Conclusiones: La edad, el insomnio y la hipersomnia estuvieron asociados a la ansiedad. Esto es importante, ya que manifiesta un problema prevenible y puede generar programas de prevención en los estudiantes de Medicina.(AU)


Introduction: Worldwide, mental health disorders, such as anxiety, are one of the leading causes of morbidity, and medical students are the most vulnerable. Wakefulness and sleep affect cognitive brain functions. Aim: To identify the association between sleep disorders and anxiety among medical students. Subjects and methods: We conducted an analytical, cross-sectional study. Two validated questionnaires were used with informed consent: the 21-item Beck Anxiety Inventory (anxiety levels) and the 15-item Oviedo Questionnaire (sleep disorders); and for the diagnosis of insomnia and hypersomnia, the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, were followed. Association statistics were obtained. Results: Out of 217 students, 43.3% had minimal anxiety, 16.7% had moderate anxiety and 6.5% had severe anxiety. General anxiety was reported by 23.3%, insomnia by 37.2% and hypersomnia by 2.3%. A preliminary bivariate analysis found that anxiety was associated with age (p = 0.034); insomnia was associated with level of anxiety (overall p < 0.001) and with having anxiety or not (p < 0.001), and hypersomnia was associated with level of anxiety (overall p = 0.01). Conclusions: Age, insomnia and hypersomnia were associated with anxiety. This is important, as it exhibits a preventable problem and can give rise to prevention programmes in medical students.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Sleep Wake Disorders , Anxiety , Student Health , Students, Medical , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Peru , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sleep
19.
Educ. med. (Ed. impr.) ; 20(4): 199-205, jul.-ago. 2019. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-191577

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Promover la investigación en estudiantes de Medicina y elevar la producción científica en las universidades del Perú y de Latinoamérica es una prioridad y una necesidad. OBJETIVO: Describir el diseño y la aplicación del curso taller de titulación por tesis de pregrado y su eficacia en la producción de tesis. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, comparativo, con componentes analíticos, que incluyó a estudiantes del pregrado de la Facultad de Medicina Humana de la Universidad Ricardo Palma, durante los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Se tomaron como indicadores de eficacia del curso: número de proyectos aprobados, número de tesis de pregrado sustentadas y número de manuscritos de artículos finalizados. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 460 alumnos; el 55% fueron mujeres y el 45%, hombres. El 99% de los estudiantes no tenía experiencia previa en investigación. Las áreas elegidas por los estudiantes para las tesis fueron: clínica 50%, quirúrgica 30% y salud pública 20%. Pasamos de un promedio de 6 tesis por año a uno de 150 tesis anuales con la introducción de la nueva ley universitaria y la realización del curso taller. Los indicadores evaluados del curso mostraron una eficacia mayor al 95%, p = 0,000. CONCLUSIÓN: El curso taller demostró ser un instrumento eficaz para contribuir a la producción de las tesis de pregrado en la Facultad de Medicina Humana de la Universidad Ricardo Palma


INTRODUCTION: Promoting research in medical students and increasing scientific production in the universities of Peru and Latin America is a priority and a necessity. OBJECTIVE: To describe the design and application of the undergraduate thesis workshop course and its effectiveness in thesis production. METHODS: A descriptive, comparative study, with analytical components, which included undergraduate students of the Human Medicine Faculty of the Universidad Ricardo Palma (Peru), during the years 2015, 2016, and 2017. The effectiveness indicators of the course were taken as: number of completed projects, number of undergraduate thesis dissertations approved, and number of completed manuscripts of articles. RESULTS: A total of 460 students were included; 55% were women and 45% were men. Almost all (99%) of the students had no previous experience in research. The areas chosen by the students for the theses were: clinical 50%, surgical 30%, and public health 20%. We passed from an average of 6 theses per year to one of 150 theses per year with the introduction of the new university law and the completion of the workshop course. The indicators evaluated of the course showed an efficiency greater than 95%, P = .000. CONCLUSION: The workshop course proved to be an effective tool for contributing to the production of undergraduate theses in the Faculty of Human Medicine of the Universidad Ricardo Palma


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Promotion , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical , Academic Dissertations as Topic
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